Polityka kształcenia jako środek przeciwdziałający bezrobociu. Z doświadczeń RFN

Abstract

The measures of counteracting unemployment among youth are a part of a general set of measures aimed at counteracting unemployment in the whole economy. A specific measure of the fight against unemployment of young people is the education policy, including preparation for a job. Between the school and the work young people meet barriers, which they have to overcome. The first threshold is a transition from general secondary schools to the system of vocational training (acquiring occupational qualifications), and the second threshold is a transition from the vocational training system to the employment system (getting jobs). In overcoming both obstacles, assistance can be provided by the education policy and the employment policy owing to measures remaining at their disposal. The areas of operation of the education and the employment policies are shown in Fig 2. The instruments applied in West Germany, which allow to coordinate the instruments remaining at the disposal of both these policies have been presented in the article in two groups: as institutional tools and as specific tools of the education policy. The latter have been analyzed in four groups: general tools in relation to young people who have not completed vocational education, in the process of vocational training and in relation to its graduates, and to the system of higher education and its graduates. The process of transformation has encompassed also the education system. An example here could be the economy of the former GDR. On this example there is discussed the role of instruments of the education policy in the process of changes.