Rola państwa i organów samorządowych w ograniczaniu bezrobocia i jego skutków

Abstract

The leading thought of the article is an assumption that in conditions of market economy there is needed a deliberate control of the State over the use of labour resources, which is synonymous with pursuing an active policy of employment. The ultimate goal of this policy should be a full (understood as a restricted or rational) and a rational (productive) employment. The responsibility for conducting an active policy of counteracting unemployment and cushioning its consequences rests on the State organs and on the self-government authorities. The article consists of two parts. Its first part analyzes the experience gained by the highly developed countries in fighting unemployment. The author points at the applied instruments of employment policy both „passive” aimed at mitigating the economic effects of unemployment and „active” seeking to reduce the number of unemployed persons. The first group includes various forms of financial assistance for the unemployed and the second - different measures stimulating growth of demand for labour, the lowering of labour supply and a more effective functioning of the labour market. In the second part of the article, the author analyzes unemployment reduction measures applied hitherto and points at reasons underlying poor effectiveness of applied measures, which finds reflection in a rapid growth of unemployment. The programme of fighting unemployment must constitute an integral element of the socio-economic policy. This is also a problem of mobilization and coordination of efforts of all social partners responsible for the implementation of an active employment policy