http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44005 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:11:17 GMT 2026-04-05T18:11:17Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/04e8a4c8-4f68-49c2-8b72-59fefa21d680/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44005 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44014 Factors associated with low birth weight among tribal and non-tribal population in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–2016) Dey, Sima; Mondal, Nitish; Bose, Kaushik The tribal population (8.6%) is vulnerable to neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. Birth weight is an important decisive factor for most neonatal survival and postnatal development. The present study aims to compare the prevalence and associations of certain socio-economic, demographic, and lifestyle variables with low birth weight (LBW) among tribal and non-tribal populations in India. The present investigation utilized retrospective data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16) among tribal (N=26635) and non-tribal (N=142162) populations in India. Birth weight variation of the newborn was categorized into LBW (0.01). Higher tribal population concentration (47.0%) areas has a lower (7.4%) prevalence of LBW in the northeast zone, whereas greater non-tribal population concentration (27.1%) areas was found higher in the central zone (19.2%). The BLR analysis showed that rural habitat, lower educational attainment, lack of own sanitary toilet facility, a lower wealth index, absence of electricity, high pollutant fuel exposure, Hindu and Muslim religion, elevated maternal age at first birth, maternal anemia as well as home delivery of newborn have greater odds for LBW (p/p> Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44014 2022-09-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44013 Is digit ratio (2D:4D) associated with a religious profession? An exploratory study on male Polish seminary students Kociuba , Marek; Kulik, Tomasz; Chakraborty, Raja; Ignasiak, Zofia; Rokita, Andrzej; Koziel, Slawomir Human females demonstrate higher religiosity than men in populations. Digit ratio (2D:4D), being a putative indicator of prenatal testosterone, is associated in varying degrees with characters that show sexual dimorphism. A small number of studies have indicated that religiosity may be associated with the biological basis of sex differences in humans. The objective of the present study was to ascertain whether 2D:4D in religiously oriented seminary students is different from individuals in other occupations. The study followed a cross-sectional design. Male participants of the study included 13 seminary students, 18 military chaplains and 91 control students from study courses relating to civil occupations. Lengths of second (2D) and fourth (4D) digits and their ratio (2D:4D) for each hand, height and weight were the variables and 2D:4D was the outcome measure. The results demonstrated that the seminary students had significantly higher 2D:4D than both the military chaplains and civil students. The military chaplains had the lowest 2D:4D. The study also revealed that the choice of religious occupation, and for that matter, religiosity, could be linked with the prenatal hormonal environment, particularly lower intrauterine testosterone compared to oestrogen. Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44013 2022-09-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44012 Osteoarthritis in early modern population from Dąbrówki (Podlaskie Province) Kątniak, Anna; Podladowska, Joanna; Wawrzeniuk, Joanna; Tomczyk, Jacek; Wyżewski, Zbigniew; Myszka, Anna The aim of this analized is to evaluate the frequency of osteoarthritis in the early modern population of Dąbrówki (Poland). Evaluation of degenerative joint changes was based on standard methods commonly used in physical anthropology. Three types of changes were studied: osteophytes, porosities, and eburnations. They were analyzed in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and proximal ankle joints. Osteoarthritic changes were assessed in 24 female, 20 male, and 8 undetermined sex individuals in the Dąbrówki population.In the population from Dąbrówki the highest frequency of degenerative changes was noted in the hip joint, and the lowest in the knee joint. Osteophytes were the predominant type of lesions. The less frequent type was porosity, while polishing of the articular surfaces did not occur. In males, degenerative changes were noted more frequently than in females. Due to the existence of many interpretative limitations (there is no a complete picture of the population from Dąbrówki - skeletal material under exploration; not entirely clear and multifactorial etiology of degenerative joint changes), further analysis of the markers of environmental stress in the population from Dąbrówki is necessary. Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44012 2022-09-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44011 A life on horseback? Prevalence and correlation of metric and non-metric traits of the “horse-riding syndrome“ in an Avar population (7th-8th century AD) in Eastern Austria Bühler, Birgit; Kirchengast, Sylvia Musculoskeletal stress markers allow the reconstruction of occupational and habitual activity patterns in historical populations. The so-called horse-riding syndrome summarizes several musculoskeletal markers which are commonly interpreted as indicators of habitual horse riding. The individual symptoms of the horse-riding syndrome, however, are still critically discussed. The skeletal remains of mounted warriors are especially suited for the analysis of skeletal markers commonly associated with a life on horseback. According to historical sources, early medieval Avar warriors were highly skilled in mounted archery and other types of mounted combat. An “equestrian lifestyle”, with many hours per day spent on horseback, was presumably a precondition for this. Hence, the historical and archaeological context of the human osteological material examined in this study is a particular asset for analyzing the so-called “horse-riding syndrome”.The aim of this study is to contribute to methodological research on the “horse-riding syndrome”, by testing possible associations between different characteristics of this syndrome within the adult population of the Avar cemetery Csokorgasse (7th-8th century AD) from Vienna, Eastern Austria. 149 Avar adult individuals (72 females and 77 males) were included in the study. Poirier´s facets, cribiform changes, plaque, as well as five qualitative traits of the Os coxae and the lower limb bones, the index of ovalization of the acetabulum (IOA), and the entheses robusticity score (ERS) were determined.Males and females differed significantly in the prevalence of Poirier´s facets, cribriform changes, and gluteal entheses. Furthermore, males showed significantly higher IOAs and ERS than females. Significantly positive associations between quantitative and qualitative traits of the horse-riding syndrome could be documented. Poirier´s facets, pronounced gluteal entheses, the index of ovalization of the acetabulum (IOA), and the entheses robusticity score were significantly related independent of sex and age. From the results of the present study we can conclude, that the association patterns between three major characteristics of the “horse-riding syndrome”, i.e. “Poiriers Facet” on the proximal femur, ovalization (vertical elongation) of the acetabulum, and pronounced entheses on the bony pelvis and the lower limb bones – typical markers of the “horse-riding syndrome” - may indeed be a valid set of traits for detecting habitual horse riders in archaeological contexts. Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44011 2022-09-30T00:00:00Z