http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2728 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 23:53:41 GMT 2026-04-07T23:53:41Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/fba6aa28-5927-4c11-abdd-c3a0ded6738c/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2728 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50768 Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the Irish Economy. An Econometric Analysis of the GDP and of the Determining Factors of the Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment into Ireland Latocha, Tomasz The main goal of our analysis in this article is the examination how the foreign direct investment influences less developed regions ofthe EU, especially the economy ofthe Member States where there are based. We try to verify the thesis that the economic growth of Ireland depends in a high degree on the capital inflows in form of FDI. Moreover, we examine which factors attract the foreign investors to locate their business in Ireland. To proof the relation between inflows of FDI and possible factors determining these inflows, an appropriate econometric model has been chosen. There are two important indicators, which strongly confirm that the foreign capital plays a huge role in the economic growth of Ireland. The first one is the enormous part of foreign capital in creation of GDP, in comparison with other Member States, and its high relation to total investments. The detailed analysis of the invested capital in Ireland shows that the high technology industry employees well qualified labour force which means that such industries like software production, pharmacy and biotechnology are interesting for foreign investors. In these industrial branches Ireland is an important world exporter. Moreover, the use of the new imported technologies and the local resources creates new jobs. The stable political and social situation, economic and technical infrastructure, qualified labour force and tax preferences for foreign investors are the most significant factors determining the inflow of FDI to Ireland Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50768 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50767 Corporate Governance and Top - Management Compensation in Public Companies Urbanek, Piotr The purpose of the paper is the presentation of initial findings of analyses focussed on factors determining the level of top-management compensation in Polish companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Among others such factors are presented as firm size, complexity of the decision-making process, the form of control over the company, type of corporate govemance. Verification of a simple model was carried out on a sample of 195 companies. An analysis of collected empirical materiał confirmed a part of formulated hypotheses. Firstly, a form of control over the company determines topmanagement compensation level. In companies, in which executives hold a dominant błock of shares the average compensation is by almost 30% lower than compensation in the remaining companies. Even bigger variations were observed in companies with a dominant foreign investor. Average executive compensation was almost twice higher in them. On the other hand, presence of a strategie domestic investor or the State Treasury did not account for any statistically significant vanations in top- management compensation. A hypothesis about correlation between executive compensation and firm size was also confinned. For the group of companies controlled by executives, this correlation is the strongest when examining sales dynamics. There were not discovered any statistically significant correlation between compensation level and dynamics and relative effectiveness indices (ROE, ROA, profitability of sales) Statistically significant correlation between executive compensation and absolute profit level and cash flow index (profit plus depreciation) could be observed in all groups of companies with the exception of companies with foreign investor. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50767 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50766 Impact of Environmental Standards on Sustainable Competitiveness in Foreign Trade. The Case of Poland as a Country in Transition Wysokińska, Zofia From a review of studies published conceming the relationship between trade and environmental protection, it can be concluded that the effects of this relationship may be either positive and negative. Generally speaking, two distinct opinions can be portrayed. The traditional approach is that environmental standards limit the competitiveness of companies which are forced to adopt these standards and as a result limit their export potential. The mare contemporary opinion is that the implementation of appropriate environmental standards has long-term benefits which should improve the competitive position of complying companies in the long run. The goal of the paper is to present the relationships between attainment of sustainable competitiveness and a systematic implementation of intemational standards of environmental protection using Poland as a country of systemic transformation, admitted next to the OECD and applying for admission to the European Union. In the 1990s, Poland made a huge effort in pro-ecology policy conducive to implementing the norms and recommendations of supranational organisations, mainly the EU, WTO and OECD, which yielded significant changes in production and foreign trade towards a reduction of the share of products harmful for the natural environment and imports of technologies supporting the development of "cleaner" production. The evaluation covered two basic groups of products in Polish foreign trade, i.e goods supporting preservation of the natural environment and goods harmful to the environment. The trends in total Polish exports and imports as well as in trade with the EU and the OECD were surveyed for both the groups of products analysed according to the International Hannonised System (HS) classification. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50766 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50765 The system of own resources in the European Union in the perspective of Eastern Enlargement Świerkocki, Janusz The system of own resources was introduced in 1971 to give the Community some financial autonomy from member states' transfers and to support supranational method of integration. Then, due to the lack of elear finalite politique, it was shaped by politicians according to current needs of public finances and to decision-making procedures in the Community. Therefore it became somewhat inconsistent with basic ideas written in the Treaties and deeper refonns are expected. lt is not evident, however, which way they will go because opinions of the Commission and of the European Council vary on this subject. The re-evaluation of the system (in 2005 at the latest) will undoubtedly take into account the implications of the next enlargement. It is arguable that the new member states should take part in shaping the new solutions. Their accession will make inadequate the financing provided by own resources and will reopen discussion on equity of the system among old members. The system will become more difficult to control because public authorities in new member states will not have enough experience in handling the revenues owed to the EU. Bigger financial revenues, combined with non-transparent procedures, will make the system less cost-effective. lt seems that granting more financial autonomy to the system might be crucial for its reform. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50765 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z