http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24191 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 23:53:35 GMT 2026-04-07T23:53:35Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/e472c043-330c-4281-b002-a1142640e649/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24191 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24199 Regional Differentiation of The Demographic Potential in Italy and Poland Pastuszka, Sławomir The aim of this paper is to compare the demographic potential of given Italian and Polish regions. The analysis shows that the demographic situation in Poland, unlike in Italy, is not directly related to the level of development of some regions and their geographical location. In Italy, the unfavorable demographic situation is typical of most of the less-developed southern regions, whereas in Poland it occurs in voivodships with different economic potential, situated in different parts of the country. This is probably the result of the current polycentric development of Poland, characteristic of a centralized economy, and the polar development in Italy. Certain demographic similarities, but of different levels, related to the dynamics of the population, the level of fertility, and net migration are observable in the macro-regions of Mezzogiorno and Eastern Poland. Tue, 19 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24199 2017-09-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24198 Determinants of The Application of Macro Prudential Instruments Zakaria, Firano; Fatine, Filali A. The use of macro prudential instruments today gives rise to a major debate within the walls of central banks and other authorities in charge of financial stability. Contrary to micro prudential instruments, whose effects remain limited, macro prudential instruments are different in nature and can affect the stability of the financial system. By influencing the financial cycle and the financial structure of financial institutions, the use of such instruments should be conducted with great vigilance as well as macroeconomic and financial expertise. But the experiences of central banks in this area are sketchy, and only some emerging countries have experience using these types of instruments in different ways. This paper presents an analysis of instruments of macro prudential policy and attempts to empirically demonstrate that these instruments should be used only in specific economic and financial situations. Indeed, the results obtained, using modeling bivariate panel, confirm that these instruments are more effective when used to mitigate the euphoria of financial and economic cycles. In this sense, the output gap, describing the economic cycle, and the Z-score are the intermediate variables for the activation of capital instruments. Moreover, the liquidity ratio and changes in bank profitability are the two early warning indicators for activation of liquidity instruments. Tue, 19 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24198 2017-09-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24196 Efficiency of National Innovation Systems – Poland and Bulgaria in The Context of the Global Innovation Index Jankowska, Barbara; Matysek-Jędrych, Anna; Mroczek-Dąbrowska, Katarzyna The purpose of this paper is to explain how national innovation systems may transform innovation input into innovation output in different counties. Using the Global Innovation Index (GII) we discuss what can be understood by the term ‘innovation’ and how it is translated into the national level. The research question is founded on the assumption that the higher the innovation input, the higher the innovation output attained by a country. We use cluster analysis to verify our assumption, referring to a total of 228 countries. Afterwards we conduct a more in‑depth analysis of two cases (Poland and Bulgaria), where the research question does not find confirmation. Using the cross‑comparison method we aim to verify how and why national innovation systems failed (or succeeded) in creating innovations. Tue, 19 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24196 2017-09-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24197 A Comparative Analysis of Initiatives and Adaptation Measures To Climate Change Undertaken in Poland and Eastern EU Countries Michalak, Dorota Climate change is one of the greatest contemporary threats to our planet’s environmental, social and economic condition. It is accompanied by massive changes in life support systems on Earth, where its far‑reaching effects will be felt in the upcoming decades. The development of a national adaptation policy (strategy and/or plan) serves as an instrument that provides the necessary framework for adaptation by coordinating the consideration of climate change across relevant sectors, geographical scales, and levels of decision making. The purpose of this paper is to compare the degree of influence of climate change on the economy of the Eastern European Union and compare national strategies for adaptation to climate change in selected countries of Western Europe and Poland. The study shows that countries bearing the brunt of the negative impacts of climate change are Cyprus, Malta, Bulgaria and Poland. These countries recorded the highest climate change index, the greatest losses in terms of estimated GDP, household welfare, land losses, and lower incomes in the agricultural and tourism sectors. With appropriate adaptation measures, countries such as Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia can take advantage of the future changes in weather conditions. A shift in the productivity of the agricultural sector and tourism from south to north can be noted. Tue, 19 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/24197 2017-09-19T00:00:00Z