http://hdl.handle.net/11089/230 Fri, 03 Apr 2026 23:22:50 GMT 2026-04-03T23:22:50Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/3cb14d76-700a-48bd-80d2-c200a1c27caf/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/230 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/823 Konwergencja czy dywergencja polskich województw? Zastosowanie dynamicznych modeli panelowych Dańska-Borsiak, Barbara In the paper an attempt is made to answer the question if the process of convergence between Polish voivodeships exists. More precisely, the objective of the research is β-convergence. Its existence means that the countries in which the initial level of GDP per capita is low, develop faster than countries with higher initial level of income. In this case a catch-up effect is observed, which equalizes the levels of income. As a tool of analysis dynamic panel data models are applied. Two alternative estimation methods were applied: Arellano - Bond first-differenced GMM and Blundell – Bond system GMM. The main conclusion from the research is the lack of concurrent tendency of GDP per capita between Polish voivodeships. The estimate of the parameter β that decides the existence and strength of the convergence shows that there exists a divergent tendency in GDP per capita between voivodeships. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/823 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/665 Analiza porównawcza struktur i procesów ludnościowych w wybranych krajach UE wykorzystaniem metod taksonomicznych Sojka, Elżbieta The purpose of the article is to compare the changes in the population structure by age, and changes in fundamental demographic processes (fertility, number of children born per woman, mortality) in selected countries of the European Union. The study included countries situated in the Baltic Sea region, that is, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Sweden that were a part of the so-called “old” Union, and also Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland – the new member states of the Community. In the course of the demographic processes, a special attention has been drawn to the problem of excess mortality among men and changes in the patterns of mortality and fertility. Taxonomic methods have been applied to study the similarity between the structures of population and similarities between the countries with respect to analysed demographic processes. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/665 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/664 Modelowanie związków sektora MSP oraz inwestycji zagranicznych z zatrudnieniem i wzrostem gospodarczym w regionach Szczuciński, Przemysław In the article there are results of modeling the relations between development of SME sector, foreign capital inflow, innovations of companies, structural changes in employment and economic growth in regions were presented. Soft modeling was applied as a research method. This method enables to analyse relations occurring between variables of multivariate nature which can be ob- served through various indicators. With this objective in view, creation of 25 diagnostic variables from the period of 1999-2007 was considered. Results of the research confirm the essential influ- ence of the distinguished factors in the process of economic growth in regions. They also indicate increase of disproportion of its level in the researched period. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/664 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/663 Modelowanie zależności między ekonomicznymi procesami przestrzennymi a poziom agregacji danych Szulc, Elżbieta; Müller-Frączek, Iwona; Pietrzak, Michał Bernard Statistic and econometric analyses of spatial phenomena use the data of different levels of spatial aggregation. It has particular consequences for the possibilities of discovering different properties and structures of the spatial processes. These properties are the basis for the proper specification of the spatial models of the dependence between the processes. In the paper it is discussed how the spatial aggregation affects the change of the properties and the structures of the spatial processes. In particular the differences as regards the character and the strength of the spatial aggregation influence on the separate components of the processes are shown. The main part of the paper is the discussion on the data aggregation influence on the model- ling of the dependence between the spatial processes. A special attention is paid to the econometric modelling of the phenomena observed at different levels of the data aggregation with the presence of the spatial autocorrelation. The important result of the discussion is to point at the problem of the “naive” spatial models interpretation. The considerations are based on the generated data and they are illustrated with an empirical example. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/663 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z