http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18726 Zachowania przestrzenne człowieka, red. Stanisław Mordwa, Agnieszka Rochmińska Wed, 08 Apr 2026 19:46:11 GMT 2026-04-08T19:46:11Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/3a873308-6c26-4f99-ab3d-5ff90e797510/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18726 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18749 Funkcjonowanie sklepów osiedlowych oraz zachowania zakupowe i przestrzenne ich klientów. Przykład Teofilowa w Łodzi Dzieciuchowicz, Jerzy Przedmiotem tego opracowania jest funkcjonowanie sklepów osiedlowych w przestrzeni wielkomiejskiej na przykładzie Teofilowa w Łodzi. Uwzględniono przy tym zachowania zakupowe i przestrzenne klientów tych sklepów. Cel pracy stanowi określenie warunków i mechanizmów funkcjonowania sklepów osiedlowych w przestrzeni wielkomiejskiej oraz właściwości struktury i zachowań ich klientów.; Area occupied by housing estates on Teofilów and their spatial arrangement, as well as distribution and functioning of community shops are characterized by long and rich history which determined them. In case these housing estates, originating in the main measuring cup from years 60. of the 20th century, four-storey blocks predominate. A quite well-developed technical and social infrastructure also pays attention. At present c 39 thousand persons inhabit these housing estates. Community shops on Teofilów are distributed unevenly, similarly to the population of this part of the city. It is possible in addition to distinguish three types of the location of such retail outlets: 1) location on the area of great commercial-service complexes, 2) location in little concentrations of shops of different kind, 3) location of commercial objects in the form isolated. Many diverse factors influence the general and detailed localization of analyzed shops. Community shops on Teofilów, of which specific provisions of law govern functioning, aren't homogeneous. The typical length of the period of conducting activity by them is 12 years. It establishes that they came into existence mainly in the period of the transformation. We observed in addition that founded shops differently were distributed in different periods. On entire Teofilów dominate little community shops belonging to natural persons, more strongly dispersed from remaining shops. In the community shop only three persons most often work. Explored commercial points specialize mainly in the sale of diverse products food, selected appropriately to needs of customers. Shaping the assortment in that kind of shops depends on their size, form of the sale, structure of customers, surrounding and the like Field examinations demonstrated considerable diversifying this assortment, in addition in all shops such products were sold, like eggs and dairy products, cereal articles, the canailles, cakes and cookies, drinks, juices and mineral waters, coffees and teas. Some articles are deposited in closely determined places of individual shops. One should also mark, that community shops, competing with large-surface shops, mainly are opened in working days as far as by 14 hours. However the majority of these shops don’t work on Sundays. Demographic-social structure of polled customers of community shops Teofilów has a number of peculiar properties. One should here exchange numerical superiority of women, co-dominance of persons in an working and post-working age and building households single and consisting of two persons, relative numerical superiority of persons with the secondary school secondary education, co-dominance the keeping oneself from the retirement pension and the paid work, average financial status of the majority of respondents. Purchase behaviours of examined customers diversify depending on the outline of the given shop. However in all community shops such food products are often bought, like the bread (60% of customers), eggs and dairy products (50%), vegetables and fruits, but rarely – cigarettes and alcohol and chemical articles. Too most typical it is possible to regard customers which independently to community shops most often go to the shopping three times during the week, in addition the time of lasting the shopping is included in a period from 11 up to 20 minutes, and disposable expenses associated with them amount to 20–40 PLN. A tendency of concentrating places of residence of customers of considered community shops in the vicinity of big commercial-service complexes pays attention. These shops differ in the number of customers what the strong competition exerts influence in this group of retail outlets on and spatial structure of the population. Amongst respondents dominate (54%) customers committing the shopping in two community shops located closest their places of residence usually. Most important motives for choice of preferred shop turned out to be his convenient location towards a place of residence of the customer and a large range of offered goods. The average time of the approach for the preferred shop achieves only 11 minutes. Taking into consideration the greatest frequency of using by respondents retail outlets of different kind, it is possible to notice that community shops positioned themselves on the second place, while small marketplaces and markets filled the leading position. Conducted examinations also showed that opinions of customers about functioning of community shops were ambiguous. The majority of respondents recognized the number, as well as the localization of these shops too proper towards needs of residents. Community shops in the opinion of customers have both a lot of virtues, and defects in addition. The most customers ranked the closeness of a place of residence and the short time of making purchases among main advantages of these shops. Of shops meanwhile for most important, almost equivalent defects discussed respondents mainly recognized the lack of the promotion and ceiling prices. Out of six compared dimensions of functioning of community shops beneficial evaluations (averages) made by customers qualities concern service, keeping the purity, the appearance of the shop (taking care) and qualities of products. Next, negative assessments of respondents refer up to prices and diversifying the assortment. Presented research findings indicate, that for further functioning of existing community shops above all large-surface shops constitute a considerable risk. Also a competition increases from the side of small shops belonging to new networks, as well as the Internet trade. Therefore the role of community shops in the everyday shopping of food products can significantly reduce. All the same thanks to their established virtues community shops have a raison d’être in the future. Presented research findings indicate, that for existing community shops above all large- surface shops, as well as an Internet trade constitute the strong competition. Negatively an expansion of discount shops only recently affected the development of inspected community shops. At present network small shops more and more often enter areas of analysed housing estates. It is possible to suppose in the nearest years shops of the type convenience will also be a most quickly developing section of the retail community trade. At the moment community shops constituting the property of natural persons were in particularly a difficult situation. Creating purchase largest groups, the far-reaching specialization and forming a union in the web are a chance of surviving them. At the same time increasing the profitability of these retail outlets is necessary. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18749 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18748 Dostępność mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego do sklepów wielkopowierzchniowych Wiśniewski, Szymon Prezentowany artykuł koncentruje się na zbadaniu dostępności mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego do sklepów wielkopowierzchniowych. Polem podstawowym badania jest gmina. Do analizy włączono wszystkie gminy województwa łódzkiego oraz jednostki położone poza nim, z których dojazd do sklepu w województwie łódzkim nie trwa dłużej niż 60 minut. Tę samą zasadę przyjęto w odniesieniu do sklepów – włączono wszystkie obiekty w województwie łódzkim, ale również te rozmieszczone w regionach ościennych, do których mieszkańcy łódzkiego nie podróżują dłużej niż godzinę. Ma to za zadanie urealnić wyniki badań. Źródłem danych dla liczby ludności był Bank Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, natomiast baza danych dotycząca sklepów została pozyskana z zasobów OpenStreetMap. Dla osiągnięcia założonego celu poznawczego badania posłużono się dwiema metodami badawczymi w postaci modelu Huffa oraz wzmocnionej dwuetapowej metody określania obszarów rynkowych. Pozwoliło to na osiągnięcie celu metodologicznego – analizy porównawczej podejść badawczych.; The article is focused on examining the availability of inhabitants of the Łódź region to the shopping malls. Field of basic research is the municipality. The analysis included all the municipalities of the Łódź region and the municipalities located beyond, if the customer access to a shop in the Łódź region takes no more than 60 minutes. The same principle was adopted in relation to the shops. The study included all the objects in the Łódź region, and these shops arranged in neighboring regions, to which the inhabitants of the Łódź region are traveling less than an hour. This is to make real results. The data source for the population was the Local Data Bank Central Statistical Office while the database of stores was extracted from the OpenStreetMap resources. The author used the two testing methods to achieve this objective of the survey – Huff’s model and enhanced two-step floating catchment area method. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18748 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18747 Социально-экономический фактор жилищной политики крупных городов Украины Lysyak, Natalia Проведен анализ жилищного строительтсва в Украине и его про- странственная локализация. Проанализированы социальные и экономические факто- ры, влияющие на жилищную политику больших городов Украины. Обоснованы подходы к жилищной политике на примере г. Львова.; Przeprowadzono analizę mieszkalnictwa na Ukrainie oraz przestrzenne rozmieszczenie terenów mieszkaniowych. Zostały przeanalizowane społeczne i ekonomiczne czynniki wpływające na politykę mieszkaniową dużych miast Ukrainy. Zaproponowano metody rozwiązania problemów mieszkaniowych na przykładzie miasta Lwowa.; In the article was analysed social and economic factors that influence on housing in the cities of Ukraine. building of metropolises of Ukraine is carried out in the article. Offered approach to the decision of housing problems on the example of city of Lviv. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18747 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18746 Zachowania przestrzenne klientów centrów handlowych – przykład Łodzi Rochmińska, Agnieszka Przemiany ustrojowe i gospodarcze w Polsce w latach 90. XX wieku wpłynęły na funkcjonowanie handlu w Polsce. Na rynku polskim pojawiły się nowe rodzaje placówek handlowych, w tym centra handlowe, wpływając tym samym na zmiany w zagospodarowaniu miast lub ich części oraz na zachowania ich mieszkańców i innych podmiotów. W związku z powyższymi zmianami, których proces nie jest jeszcze zakończony, w artykule przedstawiono rozwój oraz charakterystykę centrów handlowych z artykułami FMCG w Łodzi. Głównym celem była jednak próba zastanowienia się nad wieloaspektowością terminu „zachowania przestrzenne” często stosownym tylko do zachowań ludności (klientów) oraz zaprezentowanie elementów związanych z tymi zachowaniami. Zachowania przestrzenne związane z pojawieniem się w przestrzeni Łodzi centrów handlowych podlegały i nadal podlegają zmianom. Z jednej strony jest to związane z przekształceniami przestrzeni wynikającymi z budowy tych nowoczesnych kompleksów i ich oddziaływaniem na otoczenie (C.H. zmieniły krajobraz wielu obszarów miasta wpływając m.in. na zmiany w zagospodarowaniu, strukturę podmiotów gospodarczych, inwestycje infrastrukturalne, reorganizację ruchu drogowego). Z drugiej strony ich lokalizacja i atrakcyjność wpływają na zachowania przestrzenne i nabywcze mieszkańców.; Political and economic transformations in Poland in the 1990s influenced the functioning of trade in Poland, also in Łódź. The Polish market saw new types of retail outlets, including shopping centres, and, therefore, influenced the changes in the development of cities or their parts as well as the behaviours of the residents and other subjects. In relation to those changes that have yet to be complete this article presents the development and the characterization of shopping centres with FMCG products (Fast moving consumer foods) in Łódź. However, the main purpose of the work was to ponder the multi-aspect nature of “spatial behaviours” often applied solely to the behaviours of people (customers) and present elements associated with these behaviours. Spatial behaviours connected with new retail outlets such as shopping centres, initially of the 1st and 2nd generation and later of the 3rd and 4th generation appearing in Łódź in the 1990s were and still are subject to change. On the one hand, it is connected to the transformation of space occurring as a result of building these modern complexes and their influence on their surroundings, as even the smallest complexes are large enough to form the areas of influence and shape the city space and even areas outside the city. Shopping centres have transformed many cityscapes, influencing, among others, the changes in land development, the structure of business entities (specialized retail outlets – Praktiker, Castorama, Obi – were created in their neighbourhoods), infrastructural investments, the reorganization of traffic. However, it should be remembered that the range, force and nature of a shopping centre’s influence on its surroundings depends on its following features: the location, accessibility, working hours, size, the type and form of offered services. On the other hand, the location and attractiveness influence the spatial behaviours of decision-makers associated with the shopping centres, city residents, the owners of business entities, providers/customers and also, above all, the population which constitutes the potential clients. Shopping centres, with their wide variety of offers, have been attracting customers, and, therefore, changing migratory directions, shopping habits, the ways of spending free time. They have created a fashion for visiting these “temples of consumption” and, by extension, influenced the life of local people. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18746 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z