http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18705 WYBRANE PROBLEMY TRANSFORMACJI FINANSÓW I BANKOWOŚCI Mon, 06 Apr 2026 23:10:02 GMT 2026-04-06T23:10:02Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/fda3419b-0e0a-4344-a197-07a345ae93bd/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18705 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18787 Foreign Exchange Policy in Slovak Republic Jankovska, Anezka Artykuł omawia kreowanie wymienialności i kursu wymiany korony słowackiej od utworzenia nowego reżimu ekonomicznego i ustanowienia niezależności słowackiej waluty. Przedstawia obecną sytuację słowackiej korony, pokazując utrzymujące się ograniczenia jej wymienialności, które trzeba będzie usunąć, szczególnie w kontekście przyjęcia Republiki Słowackiej do Unii Europejskiej. Obecny stan i dalszy rozwój reżimu kursu wymiany słowackiej korony, jak również jej położenie związane ze zmianą polityki monetarnej Narodowego Banku Słowacji, są kolejnymi kwestiami, które należy rozwiązać. Artykuł ukazuje nieuchronność przekształcenia ekonomii słowackiej, jej podmiotów i działań, biorąc pod uwagę rosnące ryzyko wymiany dewizowej słowackiej waluty. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18787 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18786 Wskaźniki techniczne jako narzędzie do podejmowania decyzji inwestycyjnych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych Jóźwicki, Rafał The article explains and represents a practical usage of the most popular means of technical analysis used wildly by investors on the stock exchange. The author brings forward a moving average as well as indicators such as: MACD, Bollinger Bands, ROC and RSI. On the basis of the market prices of “Permedia” during the time from November 1999 to June 2000, the means have been used to locate the sale and buy signals. The outcoming signals have been gruped in the table letting to derive conclusions as for the usefulness of the presented means of technical analysis in making investment decisions. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18786 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18785 Rola Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau we wspieraniu finansowania małej i średniej przedsiębiorczości w Niemczech Michalska, Joanna Innovationness is a factor conditioning survival and development of enterprises in market economy. Small and medium sized enterprises are usualy more open to initiating innovations, thanks to ability to quickly react to market changes. Udertaking such innovations requires large capital. The major obstacle to making innovations is the need to have a sufficent self capital and unwillingness of commercial banks to give credit to this group of enterprises. A way of solving the problems mentioned above is for the government to provide protection for such enterprises, of which Germany can be an example. Thanks to wide range of credit offers, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau successfuly supports the small and medium sized enterprise sector in Germany. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18785 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18784 Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa SA w rozrachunkach polskich banków Bakalarczyk, Sebastian The purpose of the establishment of KIR SA was to build and standardise the interbank clearing system. It was intended to include exchange and recording of payment transfers and identificate mutual liabilities, as well as presentation of clearing results between banks active in Poland to the National Bank of Poland. On the 22nd of November 1991 representatives of 16 founding banks, including National Bank of Poland and the Polish Bank Association signed the notarial deed of the National Clearing House C.o. which stipulated the company’s statue and governing bodies. The KIR SA organisation’s structure comprises the 1-Iead Office in Warsaw and 17 Bank Regional Clearing Houses (BRIR) in the Poland’s province capitals and in Koszalin. In National Clearing House C.o. there are 2 basic clearing systems: The SYBIR system - paper-based or traditional and the ELIXIR system - the Electronic Clearing System. While the SYBIR system in Polish banks was an immense leap as compared with practices, it could not be treated to be the only and final solution, primarily due to its non-electronic” nature. Therefore, KIR SA undertook in the very begining the preparations for a fully electronic clearing system. The ELIXIR system was presented in its complete form to the KIR SA Management Board by Unisys as early as September 1993. The ELIXIR system became operational on 18 April, 1994 linking 37 branches of eight banks. As a result of implementation of the process of widespread migration to electronic interbank transactions, as of July 1997 all of the National Clearing House C.o. members use the modern electronic clearing system. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18784 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z