http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5636 2026-04-21T22:14:19Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5707 Tak zwana ceramika husycka z Nowej Wsi, stan. 6, dm. Włocławek, woj. kujawsko - pomorskie Pochylski, Mariusz; Kowalczyk, Andrzej In the course of archaeological rescue works before the A1 motorway building in 2008 in Nowa Wieś site 6, Włocławek commune, relics of a late medieval and modern manorial farm and a late medieval manor house were recognized. The most numerous group of artifacts included crushed pottery from among which 12 fragments of so-called Hussite pottery have been distinguished (table I, II). The fragments come from at least 6 containers, including 5 wheel-made ones, made of clay with an admixture of ne-grained sand and one fragment from strongly lathed vessel made of identical ceramic mass as the wheel-made vessels. The containers in the passage between the belly and the short, weakly accentuated necks were decorated with horizontal bands of impressed with the use of a knurl letters. The preserved edge parts of most probably 4 pots have similarly shaped rims (table I: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, II: 1–4,9). During the ring in reducing atmosphere all the fragments became grey (RAL 7033) to dark grey (RAL 7012) on their inner and outer surfaces. The fractures were 0.3–0.5 cm thick, in 8 cases were one-coloured (g. 2: 1), grey (RAL 7033) or darkgrey (RAL 7012), in other cases – two-coloured (g. 2: 2) with grey-light brown centre (RAL 8001). On all the specimens not big chips in places of white grains of marl or gypsum occurrence were registered (g. 3). No special dispersion of the artifacts has been stated at the site. Only 1 fragment was explored in a pit (object A219), in the lling containing materials of chronology dened as the 16th century. The other were registered in objects and cultural layer, which occurred in the late modern period, in llings containing materials dated to the 15th to 18th centuries. A characteristic ornament of letters, letter-like signs and letters impressed with a rotary stamp in the described collection appears in 4 variants (g. 4). In 2 cases a full turn of the knurl consists of a row of 5 letters (variants II and III; g. 5: 1, 2), in one case – 6 signs (variant IV; g. 5: 3). In the collection from Nowa Wieś most frequent capital letters are: S in a mirror image, G u-turned, M turned left or right at a right angle, B written properly and u-turned, and D impressed properly or u-turned. In the period of the spread of the Hussite ideas in Kuyavia certain sequences of capital letters registered on vessels conveyed denite content to the initiated people. With time, signs transferred by potters with the use of another knurls became only symbols of religious-social movements (in the 16th century), and later they were only kinds of decoration (cf. Kajzer 1988, 1994; Andrzejewska 1997). It should be emphasized that on one fragment in metopes some signs have been recognized, which accompanied an inscription "maria", registered on a late medieval vessel from Kozi Hrádek in Czech. What is also worth attention is a complicated geometrical ornament and a horizontal band formed by 10 wavy parallel lines identied on a bowl (table III: 1, 2), direct analogies to which are found on late medieval vessels decorated with inscriptions from Czech. Probably not only letters made with the use of a knurl should be treated as an ornament typical of so-called Hussite pottery. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5706 Analiza dendrochronologiczna próbek drewna z wczesnośredniowiecznego grodziska w Płońsku, woj. mazowieckie Smoliński, Antoni; Ważny, Tomasz The objective of this article is to present the results of dendrochronological analyses of a complex of samples taken from an early medieval stronghold at P³oñsk. Research excavations were conducted in the area of 19-go Stycznia Street (building of a sanitary collector), and adjoining to the stronghold in the western area (building of so-called little bypass of P³oñsk). In the area of 19-go Stycznia Street during the terrain works wooden structures of the stronghold`s rampart were found (box – crossed logs structure). Five samples were collected for the dendrochronological analysis from the excavated area, four of which gave positive results. The yearly dates 972 – 979 were obtained. Another area where dendrological samples were taken is connected with the building of a so-called bypass of Płoñsk. Remains of a crossing connecting the stronghold with the adjoining settlement were recorded, as well as a pit in a form of a well (pit no. 41). 12 wood samples were taken from the crossing, from which dates in an interval 840–862 were obtained. Whereas, from pit 41 dates placed in an interval 919–954 were obtained. Although there is a detailed study on the ndings of the excavation of the early medieval stronghold at Płoñsk, the dendrochronological analyses results shed new light on the history of this almost unknown defensive structure, and, at the same time, on the history of Masovia. Dates obtained both from the samples taken from the crossing and pit 41 (862 and 953) indicate that in this place as early as in the 2nd half of the 9th century a close settlement spot (stronghold with an adjoining settlement?) existed. On the other hand, an analysis of samples from the rampart structures shows that in the 3rd quarter of the 10th century (979), further development of the existing structure – raising new ramparts, solidly made of selected material, with a construction typical of the strongholds of the early Piast period, that is box – crossed logs structure with the use of natural hooks took place. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5704 Materiały ze schyłku okresu halsztackiego i starszego okresu przedrzymskiego ze stanowiska Smólsk 1, powiat włocławski Piotrowska, Magdalena; Kot, Karolina A multicultural site of Smólsk 1, Włocławek commune was subjected to a rescue archaeological excavation prior to the construction of the A1 motorway. Archaeological investigations were conducted by a team from the Foundation of the University of Lodz. An area of 2,37 ha has been excavated, and 618 features were recorded. In the area of segment C relics of a cloche grave cemetery were discovered, on which 11 graves were registered, clearly concentrated in the south. All the burials are individual graves without structures or kerbstones. Among them there were 9 cloche graves, 1 pit grave, and 1 urn grave. An observed element of the funeral ritual is covering the urn and cloche with the remains of the stake. Grave goods included fragments of urns and cloches, a swan-neck pin and occasional burnt fragments of preserved bronze and glass decorations. The pottery represented typical forms characteristic of cemeteries of the Cloche Graves culture. On the grounds of an anthropological analysis it has been determined that the dead were young individuals. Three female burials and 2 male ones were identied, in the other cases the sex was undetermined. Settlement nds were recorded on the entire site. A clear concentration of the pits was registered about 100 m to the west from the above described cemetery. These features did not disturb the cemetery space, and were located on its circuit, sometimes at a considerable distance. 63 features have been identied, including post-holes, pits and the remains of a building. On the grounds of the artifacts obtained both from the cemetery and from the settlement objects, the period of use of the complex corresponds to HaD and the older pre-Roman period. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5703 Grodziska strefy lasostepu pontyjskiego we wczesnej epoce żelaza. Wstęp do dyskusji Ignaczak, Marcin The problem of the „giants’ strongholds” (of sizes often over 50 ha) situated in the early Iron Age in the Ukrainian forest steppe zone is the wealthy Russian and Ukrainian literature. Hitherto, many concepts explaining this phenomenon pursuant to politics (as a response to military threat) as well as to the economy (as a result of social organisation of local tribes) have been suggested. The main source of this discussion comes from the activities of a Polish-Ukrainian research expedition, – „Fortresses of Podolia”. It aims were to recognize and describe the history of strongholds forming the western Podolian settlement concentrating within the Ukrainian forest steppe. This programme is a derivate of the cooperation between the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Institute of Prehistory of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznañ2. Within the programme, researches of a Severinovka stronghold (Winnica district) were conducted in seasons 2009–2011 as a prologue of the project, as well as surface prospections in the area of western Podolia – mainly in the Winnica district. When interpreting the research results one has to examine the problems of strongholds of the „Scythian period”. In this article, which is an introduction to the discussion, the author would like to outline which processes may have led to fortifying the defensive settlements. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z