http://hdl.handle.net/11089/3486 2026-04-17T20:00:15Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4032 Фоно-метрические расстояния между азербайджанским и другими тюркскими языками с точки зрения типологии его звуковых цепочек Тамбовцев, Юрий А. Typological characteristics of the sound chains in the Azerbaijan language indicate to the phono-metrical distances between it and the other Turkic languages. On the basis of the occurrence of the fundamental phonetic features it was possible to compute these distances. Thus, the phono-metrical typological distances between the Azerbaijan and the other 28 Turkic languages are: 1) Gagauz (7,14); 2) Turkmen (7,20); 3) Crimea Tatar (8,79); 4) Karachay-Balkar (10,87); 5) Uzbek (11,44); 6) Turkish (14,93); 7) Kazakh (15,68); 8) Kazan Tatar (16,25); 9) Old Turkic (16,79); 10) Kirgiz (17,47); 11) Tofalar (22,03); 12) Bashkir (22,38); 13) Tatar-Chulym (23,22); 14) Karakalpak (24,39); 15) Tuvin (25,11); 16) Salar (25,86); 17) Uyghur (27,67); 18) Sary-Uyghur (29,42); 19) Altay-Chelkan (29,88); 20) Khakas (31,02); 21) Yakut (31,22); 22) Altay-Teleut (32,56); 23) Altay-Kumandin (34,04); 24) Tatar-Baraba (34,96); 25) Altay-Shor (37,65); 26) Yakut- Dolgan (42, 37); 27) Altay-Kizhi (45,38); 28) Chuvash (69,02). 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4031 Meroitic (Review article) Lipiński, Edward Meroitic is attested by written records found in the Nile valley of northern Sudan and dating from the 3rd century B.C. through the 5th century A.D. They are inscribed in a particular script, either hieroglyphic or more often cursive, which has been deciphered, although our understanding of the language is very limited. Basing himself on about fifty words, the meaning of which is relatively well established, on a few morphological features and phonetic correspondences, Claude Rilly proposes to regard Meroitic as a North-Eastern Sudanic tongue of the Nilo-Saharan language family and to classify it in the same group as Nubian (Sudan), Nara (Eritrea), Taman (Chad), and Nyima (Sudan). The examination of the fifty words in question shows instead that most of them seem to belong to the Afro-Asiatic vocabulary, in particular Semitic, with some Egyptian loanwords and lexical Cushitic analogies. The limited lexical material at our disposal and the extremely poor knowledge of the verbal system prevent us from a more precise classification of Meroitic in the Afro-Asiatic phylum. In fact, the only system of classification of languages is the genealogical one, founded on the genetic and historical connection between languages as determined by phonological and morpho-syntactic correspondences, with confirmation, wherever possible, from history, archaeology, and kindred sciences. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4009 Lexica Afroasiatica X Takacs, Gábor Comparative-historical Afro-Asiatic linguistics has undergone a significant development over the past half century, since the appearence Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire et la phonétique du chamito-sémitique (1947) by Marcel Cohen. This revolutionary and fundamental synthesis concluded the second great period of the comparative research on Afro-Asiatic lexicon (the so-called „old school”, cf. EDE I 2-4). During the third period (second half of the 20th century), whose beginning was hallmarked by the names of J.H. Greenberg and I.M. Diakonoff, a huge quantity of new lexical material (both descriptive and comparative) has been published, including a few most recent attempts (either unfinished or rather problematic) at compiling an Afro-Asiatic comparative dictionary (SISAJa I-III, HCVA I-V, HSED, Ehret 1995). During my current work on the Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian (EDE), I have collected a great number of new AA parallels, which – to the best of my knowledge – have not yet been proposed in the literature or was observed independently from me1. Along the EDE project (and the underlying „Egyptian etymological word catalogue”), I have started collecting AA roots (not attested in Egyptian) for a separate Afro-Asiatic root catalogue in late 1999. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/3895 Iraq under King Gāzī Internal Political Development, 1933–1939 Sorby, Karol R. Through the whole interwar period the Iraqi monarch, centred in Baghdad, had in effect a social meaning diametrically opposed to that of the tribal shaykhs, who were then still virtual rulers of much of the countryside. The shaykhs represented the principle of the fragmented or multiple community (many tribes), the monarch the ideal of an integral community (one Iraqi people, one Arab nation).1 While the shaykh was the defender of the divisive tribal tradition, the monarch was the exponent of the unifying national law. In the view of the presence of large non-Arab minorities in the country, there was some inherent contradiction between the ideal of one Iraqi people and that of one Arab nation. By the mid-1930s, several officers of the Iraqi army had become actively interested in politics and found that the army’s reputation for suppressing the Assyrian rebellion was a political asset. The most influential officers were true nationalists, that is, pan-Arabist, who inspired many of the junior officers. They looked to the examples of neighbouring Turkey and Iran, where military dictatorships were flourishing. Under the leadership of General Bakr Ṣidqī the army took over the government in the fall of 1936, and opened a period of army’s meddling into politics. Although under the reign of young and inexperienced King Ġāzī (1933–1939) Iraq fell prey to tribal rebellions and military coups, there was nevertheless no essential deviation from the prior trend of royal policy. Except during the short Ḥikmat Sulaymān government, the pan-Arab character of the state became more pronounced. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z