http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14569 2026-04-20T10:34:05Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14619 Об альтернативных путях развития освободительных движений народов Европы в XIX веке Djakow, Włodzimierz A. Powyższa praca przedstawiona byia podczas uroczystości nadania autorowi tytułu doktora honoris causa UŁ. Prezentuje ona punkt widzenia autora, opierający się na wieloletnich badaniach, na niezwykle skomplikowane dzieje narodów Europy środkowo-wschodniej i południowej w XIX w., które pozbawione były własnej państwowości. Podejmowane przez te narody walki narodowowyzwoleńcze przebiegały równolegle z zachodzącym procesem przechodzenia zamieszkanych przez nie terenów od feudalizmu do kapitalizmu. Specyfika zachodzących procesów, jakże różniących się od przemian w Europie zachodniej, powodowała wykształcenie się alternatywnych dróg rozwoju ruchów narodowowyzwoleńczych. Jedna z nich oparta na idei słowianofilskiej głoszona była przez Michała Bakunina. Natomiast alternatywne rozwiązanie podnosił w swojej myśli teoretycznej Karol Marks. 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14618 Działalność Sekcji Rolnej w dziedzinie hodowli koni 1890-1907 Socha, Janusz The Agrarian Section was a common name of the IIIrd Section оf Agrarian Industry in Varsovian department of Society of Industry and Trade Advancement. It was established in 1890 and in the course of time it became a national representation of Polish agriculture interests. The Agrarian Section played a big part in field of horse-breeding. Especially members of this section propagated usable half a blood-horses. Because of this activity the Congress Kingdom of Poland was obligated to deliver saddle-horses to Russian army. There was great chance for main saddle horse-breeder (gentry). In this way they had an opportunity to get to Russian ready market. The Agrarian Section had also achievements in labour horse-breeding (in this lime this kind of horses was already main beast of draught in Polish agriculture). In 1907 instead of the Agrarian Section there was founded the Central Agrarian Society. That was new social-agricultural organization in the Congress Kingdom of Poland. 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14617 Wokół sporów o znaczenie rolnego osadnictwa niemieckiego w łódzkim okręgu przemysłowym Woźniak, Krzysztof Paweł The matter of discuss in this article is German agrarian settlement in South Prussia in years 1793-1806. There are many information about this problem from the sources from years 19204 944. Their authors originated mainly from the German national minority, who lived in Poland. German „Ostforschung" of those days presented very tendentious (purpose) views. These opinions brought historians to the followin conclusions: - German settlement existed all the time in industrial region of Łódź, - there were great number of German settlers, there, - they played an important part in civilization and culture development in this region, - German agrarian colonists participated also in industry development of this region. At present, analysing closely historical sources connected with German settlement, we can disagree with these points. There were some few settlements of German colonists which were established in years 1793-1806 and they were sparsely populated. These settlements could not be real help form cities because of their poor economical situation. In times when bases of future industrial region were creating, settlements were only interested in agriculture. They had profitable law conditions to work in this area. It caused small territorial mobility, which was limited by national and religious character of settlements. 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14616 Wznowienie stosunków dyplomatycznych polsko-szwedzkich u progu obrad Sejmu Czteroletniego Anusik, Zbigniew After 1772 Polish-Swedish relations were very neglected. The change in Swedish foreign policy in the eighties (Sweden looked for an ally against Russia) was a reason that Gustavus III turned his attention towards Polish affairs. After a short period of being informed about the events in Poland by K. H. Heyking, a nonleman from Curland who was staying in Warsaw, the Court of Stockholm sent to Poland its own emissary. In January of 1788 Lars von Engeström came to Polish Republic. He was a special legate of Gustavus III and his main task was to observe the political situation in this country. He was a devotee for Swedish-Prussian alliance. Engeström also saw Poland in this (never realized) political agreement. After the beginning of Russo-Swedish war (June-July 1788) Engeström became temporarily persona non grata at Polish Court, but at the same time he came into contact with the leaders of Stanislas Augustus opponents. In August of 1788 Lars von Engeström was appointed to a post of minister resident to Polish king. Next he aimed at sending the Polish envoy to Stockholm. However Stanislas Augustus objected to consolidate relations with the country which fought with Russia (the king was concerned that sending such a mission in such circumstances would be treated as an act of open hostility in St. Petersburg). In spile of this on the tourn of November and December 1788 first demands of sending Polish envoy to Stockholm appeared. The same problem was also discussed on many sessions of the Diet in December 1788, January, February and March 1789. At the beginning of March 1789 Stanislas Augustus was forced to promise a nomination of Polish envoy to Stockholm. But only on 21st of April 1789 the „patriotic” majority of the Diet achieved the nomination for the Stockholm post for the starosta of Tłumacz - Jerzy Michał (George Michael) Potocki, a brother of one of the leaders of the Diet - Ignacy. On 23rd of June a new minister obtained his ministerial instructions from the Deputation of Foreign Affairs of the Diet, but for Stockholm. That was the first step to consolidate Polish-Swedish relations. 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z