http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50453 2026-04-06T21:34:40Z 2026-04-06T21:34:40Z Kowalski, Arkadiusz M. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50484 2024-03-05T14:51:31Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Regional policy of the European Union Kowalski, Arkadiusz M. There are big disparities between the development of different regions and countries in Europe. Existing regional disparities in a country or in a group of countries such as the European Union make it necessary to apply regional policy, which can be defined as a set ofpolicy instruments, which have been assembled for the purpose of achieving greater cohesion and the stimulation of economic activity in the less-favoured regions. Regional policy has positive influence on the development of declining regions and is needed to achieve greater cohesion between rich and weaker areas. It gives advantage to the whole economy by creating additional output and income arising from increased economic activity and avoiding costs of migration of individuals, who would otherwise have been forced to leave assisted areas. In the process of European integration, there is a special need for common regional policy in order to meet its influence on certain weaker territories, particularly peripheral areas and regions relying tao much on stagnating activities and to ensure goodfunctioning of the Common Market and, later on, economic and monetary union. Structural Funds are very powerful instruments in European regional policy. According to theoretical estimates, they resulted in accelerated growth rate in many backward regions and had an important cohesion impact, in terms of the reduction of income disparities. All estimates are positive about the impact of Structural Funds assistance on growth and employment in objective I regions. The European Union's regional policy achieved also greater interest in strategie thinking and planning and provided a comprehensive and integrated approach to the problems of regional development. The regional development of the European Union is a difficult, but also fascinating challenge. An efficient regional policy can enhance the well being of the regions in all their variety and beauty, but the process towards greater cohesion will take a very long time.

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Burchard‑Dziubińska, Małgorzata http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50483 2024-02-29T02:22:05Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Issues of Environmental Protection in Selected Sectoral Programs for the Restructurization of Polish lndustry Burchard‑Dziubińska, Małgorzata The issues presented in this text concern approaches to environmental protection problems undertaken in selected sectoral programs proposed for the restructurization of Polish industry. These programs are analyzed taking into account their compatibility with the strategy of sustainable development, declared to be leading aim in guiding Poland's future social and economic development. Innovation in Polish industry and its capacity to undertake pro ecological restructuring are also investigated. The institutional conditions placed on the implementation of sectoral policies reflected in governmental documents and legal regulations also need to be taken into account. In conclusion an assessment is offered of the ecological effectiveness of the sectoral industrial restructurization programs and suggested changes are offered to lncrease their so-far limited effectiveness.

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Jasiński, Andrzej H. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50482 2024-02-29T02:22:21Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Public S&T Policy and Technological Innovation in Poland, 1989-2000 Jasiński, Andrzej H. The main aim of this paper is to answer the following question: Can any interdependencies be identified between technological innovation in the Polish industry and science & technology (S&T) policy in the past decade? For this purpose, a model of the innovation scene with three main actors (industry, science and government) may be useful. The overall picture of technological change processes in Poland is ambiguous: neither bad, nor good; both negative and positive tendencies can be identified. A principle components analysis has been applied to describe a course of innovation performance. An interesting regularity can then be seen: innovation performance reacted in the same direction but with a one-year delay to macro-economic dynamics. So, the innovation activity followed a cyclical development of the national economy. In turn, S&T policy often was delayed (drifted with the cycle) and was pro cyclical. Thus, in the period under analysis (1989-2000), real processes of technological change proceeded independently of the measures being undertaken by the government for science and technology but in accordance with phases of business cycle. ft is difficult to observe any elear correlations between innovation activity and S&Tpolicy. Concluding, technological progress was taking place in Poland under the influence of (a) macro-economic regulations, (b) market forces and (c) the inflow of foreign technical thought rather than being influenced by public policy

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Matusiak, Krzysztof B. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/50481 2024-02-29T02:22:12Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Business Incubators in Poland Matusiak, Krzysztof B. The paper focuses on ten years of development of business incubators in Poland. The first concepts of incubators appeared independently in 1990. Totally, since the beginning of nineties 64 incubators have been established. from among which 44 are stili acted at the beginning of 2001. In all Polish business incubators there operated approximately 1077 entities creating 6503 jobs Over 700 firms, creating 3200 jobs have already left incubators and they develop very dynamically. Development of business incubators and other institutions of economic support is a success of local societies and persons directly connected with particular initiatives. Such institutions contribute to a new quality into local environment, activate local society, transferring new experiences and external support, and most of all assisting people in realising their business plans.

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z