Bulletin of the Section of Logic 50/2 (2021)http://hdl.handle.net/11089/386962026-04-08T11:23:10Z2026-04-08T11:23:10ZExtended MR with Nesting of Predicate Expressions as a Basic Logic for Social PhenomenaParol, AleksanderPietrowicz, KrzysztofSzalacha-Jarmużek, Joannahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/387012021-08-21T01:21:15Z2021-06-30T00:00:00ZExtended MR with Nesting of Predicate Expressions as a Basic Logic for Social Phenomena
Parol, Aleksander; Pietrowicz, Krzysztof; Szalacha-Jarmużek, Joanna
In this article, we present the positional logic that is suitable for the formalization of reasoning about social phenomena. It is the effect of extending the Minimal Realisation (MR) logic with new expressions. These expressions allow, inter alia, to consider different points of view of social entities (humanistic coefficient). In the article, we perform a metalogical analysis of this logic. Finally, we present some simple examples of its application.
2021-06-30T00:00:00ZCommon Knowledge, Common Attitudes and Social ReasoningThomason, Richmond H.http://hdl.handle.net/11089/387022021-08-21T01:21:11Z2021-06-30T00:00:00ZCommon Knowledge, Common Attitudes and Social Reasoning
Thomason, Richmond H.
For as long as there have been theories about common knowledge, they have been exposed to a certain amount of skepticism. Recent more sophisticated arguments question whether agents can acquire common attitudes and whether they are needed in social reasoning. I argue that this skepticism arises from assumptions about practical reasoning that, considered in themselves, are at worst implausible and at best controversial. A proper approach to the acquisition of attitudes and their deployment in decision making leaves room for common attitudes. Postulating them is no worse off than similar idealizations that are usefully made in logic and economics.
2021-06-30T00:00:00ZTableau Systems for Epistemic Positional LogicsKlonowski, MateuszKrawczyk, Krzysztof AleksanderPięta, Bożenahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/387002021-08-21T01:21:09Z2021-06-30T00:00:00ZTableau Systems for Epistemic Positional Logics
Klonowski, Mateusz; Krawczyk, Krzysztof Aleksander; Pięta, Bożena
The goal of the article is twofold. The first one is to provide logics based on positional semantics which will be suitable for the analysis of epistemic modalities such as ‘agent ... knows/beliefs that ...’. The second one is to define tableau systemsfor such logics. Firstly, we present the minimal positional logic MR. Then, we change the notion of formulas and semantics in order to consider iterations of the operator of realization and “free” classical formulas. After that, we move on to weaker logics in order to avoid the well known problem of logical omniscience. At the same time, we keep the positional counterparts of modal axioms (T), (4) and (5). For all of the considered logics we present sound and complete tableau systems.
2021-06-30T00:00:00ZThe Good, the Bad and the Right: Formal Reductions among Deontic ConceptsGlavaničová, DanielaPascucci, Matteohttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/386992021-08-21T01:21:12Z2021-06-30T00:00:00ZThe Good, the Bad and the Right: Formal Reductions among Deontic Concepts
Glavaničová, Daniela; Pascucci, Matteo
The present article provides a taxonomic analysis of bimodal logics of normative ideality and normative awfulness, two notions whose meaning is here explained in terms of the moral values pursued by a given community. Furthermore, the article addresses the traditional problem of a reduction among deontic concepts: we explore the possibility of defining other relevant normative notions, such as obligation, explicit permission and Hohfeldian relations, in terms of ideality and awfulness. Some proposals in this respect, which have been formulated in the literature over the years, are here improved and discussed with reference to the various logics that we will introduce.
2021-06-30T00:00:00Z