http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20140 2026-04-06T21:32:17Z 2026-04-06T21:32:17Z Morawska, Sylwia Staszkiewicz, Piotr http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20439 2019-03-15T07:53:29Z 2016-12-18T00:00:00Z

Inherent Agency Conflict Built into the Auditor Remuneration Model Morawska, Sylwia; Staszkiewicz, Piotr This paper provides a model for audit market interventions. The study asks whether interventions in the audit market result in excessive premiums at the cost of quality and independence. The model was tested based on a historical data sample of 1,927 companies’ fiscal year financial statements, observed for the period 2010–2013. The testing strategy combined statistical analysis of the market concentration and regression of abnormal results. The findings do not support, for the Polish market, the conclusion that the audit market is used as a leverage for consulting services. This paper discusses possibilities of systematic risk for policymakers as a result of the negative interaction between regulated and non-regulated markets.

2016-12-18T00:00:00Z Mroczek-Dąbrowska, Katarzyna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20438 2019-03-15T07:53:18Z 2016-12-18T00:00:00Z

Transaction Costs and Export Intensification – The Cases of Poland and Hungary Mroczek-Dąbrowska, Katarzyna The purpose of this paper is to explain if and how foreign sales are affected by the level of transaction costs within industries in Poland and Hungary. The main hypotheses reflect the potential correlation for different types of industries. The paper attempts to transfer the notion of transaction costs, originally applied at the micro-perspective level, to the analysis of industries using a mesoeconomic perspective. We argue that transactions cost levels influence the overall willingness to expand abroad. While there has been much research carried out in the area of export intensification of particular companies, few empirical studies can be found concerning entire industries.

2016-12-18T00:00:00Z Michalak, Dorota http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20437 2021-07-12T11:45:43Z 2016-12-18T00:00:00Z

A Comparative Analysis of Initiatives and Adaptation Measures to Climate Change Undertaken in Poland and Western Europe Michalak, Dorota The analysis of the main initiatives for adaptation to climate change in selected countries of Western Europe and Poland relate to key issues mentioned in the strategic documents of the European Commission. In the United Kingdom the main emphasis is on the reduction of greenhouse gases as a form of preventive action, rather than adaptation to climate change. All strategies recognize the importance of raising public awareness about the negative effects of climate change and the importance of preparing adaptation measures, and stress the need to support the critical and most sensitive sectors of the European economy – forestry, agriculture and fisheries. The Polish strategy of adaptation to climate change does not deviate from the strategy of these countries of Western Europe, but it must be emphasized that this is only a document listing recommendations on the scope of operations of adaptation to climate change. Its realization is a separate issue.

2016-12-18T00:00:00Z Ervits, Irina Żmuda, Małgorzata http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20436 2019-03-15T07:52:56Z 2016-12-18T00:00:00Z

Comparative Study of the Role of Institutions in Shaping Inventive Activity in Mid-Range Emerging Economies Ervits, Irina; Żmuda, Małgorzata The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of institutions on national rates of inventive activity. Invention, part of the innovation process, is acknowledged as one of the driving forces behind economic growth, and patent statistics are frequently used as a measurable indicator of inventive output. Thus this paper explores the relationship between national patent statistics and measures of institutional quality. As a result of our research, the effect of the “threshold of inventive activity” was observed. This effect demonstrates that when countries reach a certain level of institutional development and attain a general institutional climate conducive to inventive activity, the number of patent applications begins to sharply increase. The paper contributes to the body of evidence that confirms that a combination of fundamental institutions like the rule of law or freedom of expression, which are not necessarily aimed at boosting innovation, create an overall environment conducive to patenting. We demonstrate that “mid-range emerging economies”,2 including those in Central and Eastern Europe3 (CEE), where the quality of institutions is lagging behind more developed counterparts and/or their influence is weak or sporadic, have not yet reached the threshold of inventive activity yet. However, those CEE countries that have acceded to the European Union first have made visible progress with respect to institutional quality and invention.

2016-12-18T00:00:00Z