dc.contributor.author | Michael, Biju | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-01-19T07:58:26Z | |
dc.date.available | 2016-01-19T07:58:26Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2015-12 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1899-2226 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/16641 | |
dc.description.abstract | In our world today, afflicted by wars between States, by conflict between groups
within States, and by the scourge of terrorism, civilians constitute the ‘vast majority
of casualties in situations of armed conflict’ (UN Security Council, Resolution
1894, 2009). Civilian victims of documented and un-documented armed conflicts
and their destructive consequences run in the millions. An overwhelming majority
of the dead, injured, disabled are civilians and damages caused by armed conflicts
primarily affect the civilian infrastructure and the basic resources of subsistence of
entire populations.
Civilians today are in the line of fire not only as a side effect of war. Increasingly, they are becoming the prime and intentional targets of combatants and armed
elements. ‘Political and military designs supersede basic respect for the dignity and
rights of persons and communities’ (Migliore 2009) and civilians are becoming deliberate targets and means for achieving political or military gains. They are even
being used as a human shield for armed advancement.
The menace of civilian deaths in the line of fire is of utmost concern for all
humanity, for all religions, and for Christianity. Among the foundational teachings
on which the Catholic perspective to this important issue of placing civilians in the
line of fire is based, we can identify three core beliefs: a) all human beings are equal
in dignity and their life is sacred; b) the right and duty to defend the life and common
good from unjust aggressors; c) the permanent validity of the moral law forbidding murder even in the context of armed conflicts. After considering these the paper
studies some of the ways in which the Catholic Church responds to the situation of
civilians caught in the line of fire. | pl_PL |
dc.language.iso | en | pl_PL |
dc.publisher | Lodz University Press | |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym;4 | |
dc.subject | conflict | pl_PL |
dc.subject | civilians | pl_PL |
dc.subject | Catholic church | pl_PL |
dc.title | Civilians in the Line of Fire in the Light of Catholic Social Teaching | pl_PL |
dc.type | Article | pl_PL |
dc.page.number | 7-26 | pl_PL |
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Salesian Pontifical University in Rome, Studium Theologicum Salesianum in Jerusalem, Israel | pl_PL |
dc.identifier.eisbn | 2353-4869 | |
dc.references | African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (2009), http://www.africa-union.org/root/AR/index/Convention%20on% 20IDPs%20_Eng_%20-%20Final.pdf. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Benedict XVI, In Truth, Peace, Message of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI for the Celebration of the World Day of Peace, January 1, 2006, No. 7, http://www.vatican.va/holy _father/benedict_xvi/messages/peace/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20051213_xxxi x-world-day-peace_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Benedict XVI, The Human Person the Heart of Peace: Message of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI for the Celebration of the World Day of Peace, 1 January 2007, No. 14, http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/messages/peace/documents/hf_ben -xvi_mes_20061208_xl-world-day-peace_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Donum Vitae On Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation (February 22, 1987): AAS 80 (1988), Introduction. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Francis, War is a defeat for humankind, Pope Francis’ homily during peace vigil, September 7, 2013, http://www.romereports.com/palio/pope-francis-homily-during-peace-vigi l-war-is-a-defeat-for-humankind-english-10953.html#.UpDT4XmIodU. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Gandhi M.K., Hind Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule 110-126 [in:] On Violence, eds. B.B. Lawrence, A. Karim, Duke University Press, Durham and London 2007. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Holy See, Intervention by the Holy See at the Meeting of the Group of Governmental Experts, Geneva, July 15-26, 2002, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_doc_200 20723_martin-geneve_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, Address at Drogheda, Ireland, September 29, 1979, No. 9, cited in: Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, The International Arms Trade: An Ethical Reflection, 28. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, Address to the members of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law, 18 May 1982, cited in: S.M. Tomasi, Intervention by the Holy See at the 28th International Conference of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, Geneva, December 11, 2003, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2003/documents/rc_segst_20031209_red-cross_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, Evangelium vitae Encyclical Letter, March 25, 1995, AAS 87 (1995), No. 3. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, Let us give Children a Future of Peace, Message for the XXIX World Day of Peace, January 1, 1996, nos. 2–3, http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/me ssages/peace/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_08121995_xxix-world-day-for-peace_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, Message of His Holiness John Paul II on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the End of the Second World War in Europe, May 8, 1995, No. 7, http://www.vatican.va/holy _father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1995/may/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_08051995_50thend-war-europe_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, No Peace without Justice No Justice without Forgiveness: Message for the World Day of Peace 2002, January 1, 2002, No. 6, http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/messages/peace /documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_20011211_xxxv-worldday-for-peace_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John Paul II, Peace on Earth to Those Whom God Loves, Message for the Celebration of the World Day of Peace, January 1, 2000, No. 3, http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john _paul_ii/messages/peace/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_08121999_xxxiii-world-day-forpeace_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | John XXIII, Pacem in Terris Encyclical Letter (April 11, 1963): AAS 55 (1963), No. 10. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Lamb M.L., Solidarity with Victims: Toward a Theology of Social Transformation, The Crossroad Publishing, New York 1982. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Mamberti D., Intervention by the Holy See at the 62nd Session of the General Assembly of the Organization of the United Nations, New York, October 1, 2007, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2007/documents/rc_seg-st_20071001_mambe rti-un_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Martino R.R., Statement by H.E. Arch. Renato R. Martino Apostolic Nuncio, Permanent Observer of the Holy See before the First Committee of the General Assembly on Item 76 General and Complete Disarmament, New York, October 14, 1999, http:// www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_doc_14101999 _disarmament_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Migliore C., Intervention by the Holy See at the Security Council of the United Nations on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflicts, New York, January 14, 2009, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2009/documents/rc_seg-st_20 090114_migliore-prot-civ_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Situation Report No. 26 as of 6 February 2015. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Paul VI, Address to the General Assembly of the United Nations, October 4,1965, AAS 57 (1965), No. 5. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Pius XI, Address to the Roman Curia, (December 24, 1930): AAS 22 (1930), pp. 535–536. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, The International Arms Trade, An ethical reflection, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican City 1994. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, The International Arms Trade: An ethical reflection, 12-13. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Sharp G., The Politics of Nonviolent Action. Part One: Power and Struggle, Porter Sargent Publishers, Boston 1973. | pl_PL |
dc.references | The Catechism of the Catholic Church: with Modifications from the Editio Typica, Doubleday, New York 1995. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Thomasi S.M., Statement by H.E. Archbishop Silvano M. Tomasi, Permanent Representative of the Holy See to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva at the Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW), Geneva, November 15, 2012, http://en.radiovaticana.va/storico/2012/11/15/statement _of_archbishop_tomasi_on_conventional_weapons_%28full_text%29/en1-639207. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Tomasi S.M., Intervention by the Holy See at the 28th International Conference of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, Geneva, December 11, 2003, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2003/documents/rc_seg-st_20031209_red-cross_en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Tomasi S.M., Intervention by the Holy See at the Humanitarian Affairs Segment of the UN Economic and Social Council, Geneva, July 20, 2009, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2009/documents/rc_seg-st_20090720_tomasi-aff-uman _en.html. | pl_PL |
dc.references | UN Secretary General’s Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (S/1999/ 9578), September 1999, http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/19 99/957. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict – Afghanistan Mid-Year Report 2012, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Kabul 2012. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Strategic Communications, February 18, 2015. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1296 (2000), preamble, http://www.undemocracy.com/S-RES1296(2000).pdf. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1894 (2009), preamble, http://www.unrol.org/ files/Security%20Council%20Resolution%201894.pdf. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1960 (2010), Preamble, http://www.unwomen.org/~/me-dia/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/News/In%20Focus/16% 20Days%20of%20Activism/UNSC_ Res-1960.pdf. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, http://www.un. org/en/documents/udhr/. | pl_PL |
dc.references | United Nations, United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by the General Assembly on September 8, 2000, No. 26, http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm. | pl_PL |
dc.references | Vatican II, Gaudium et Spes Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (December 7, 1965): AAS 58 (1966), No. 78. | pl_PL |
dc.contributor.authorEmail | bijumsdb@hotmail.com | pl_PL |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/1899-2226.18.4.01 | |
dc.relation.volume | 18 | pl_PL |
dc.subject.jel | F51 | |
dc.subject.jel | Z12 | |