Streszczenie
This work shows iconographical consciousness like an element of European culture, which makes possible to transmit meanings by pictures, especially paintings, and which lets us read this meanings. This inquiry concerns at problems of allegory, symbol and story from antiquity to XIX, and methods of reading pictures. It shows process of transformation of iconographical consciousness in XX. For the purpose of this work is explaining phenomenons of XX culture like: resignation of mimetic art, autotelism of art, and postmodernist plays with meanings.