Zeszyty Wiejskie, t. 16, 2011
http://hdl.handle.net/11089/25129
2024-03-29T15:45:06ZMetoda etnogeograficzna w badaniach atlasowych ośrodka wrocławskiego i cieszyńskiego – kontynuacja i zmiana
http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35508
Metoda etnogeograficzna w badaniach atlasowych ośrodka wrocławskiego i cieszyńskiego – kontynuacja i zmiana
Pieńczak, Agnieszka
The ethnogeographic method consists in applying the data concerning spatial differentiation of cultural artifacts and drawing the conclusions from the
location, intensity, typology and mutual relations of these phenomena. This allows for elaborated research into their past as regards the chronology and dynamics of change.
In the post-war period the ethnogeographic method became particularly
useful for the studies of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, which were originally
conducted in the Wrocław section of the PEA (since 1953 supervised by Józef
Gajek and since 1972 – by Janusz Bohdanowicz). After moving the atlas section
to Cieszyn in 1998, the assumptions of the ethnogeographic method have been
constantly modified under Zygmunt Kłodnicki’s supervision. Methodological
changes involve map construction, modification of techniques and the shape of
publications within the series ‘Commentaries to the Polish Ethnographic Atlas”.
This enables an appropriate presentation of various forms of traditional culture
and, at the same time, more precise formulation of conclusions concerning the
genesis, permanence and disappearance of the investigated phenomena.
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZUdział okręgów wojskowych w akcjach rolnych w pierwszych latach po zakończeniu II wojny światowej (1945–1948)
http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35507
Udział okręgów wojskowych w akcjach rolnych w pierwszych latach po zakończeniu II wojny światowej (1945–1948)
Jarno, Witold
The article describes the participation of military districts in agricultural
campaigns in the first years after ending The Second World War. The main role
in these actions played military districts situated in the western and northern
Poland, because they included the former German grounds. They were ruined in
the result of war and robbery Soviet politics, and also in the considerable part
deserted. Polish people began just to arrive on the these grounds, therefore after
war was necessary commitment to agricultural works soldiers of the Polish
armed forces. They played the important part in the process of the polonization
of the northern and western grounds. They also contributed to quicker developing
those grounds. The fundamental role in this range played soldiers of Varsovian,
Pomeranian, Poznan and Silesian Military Districts. In remaining military districts, the commitment of the army to agricultural works was considerably smaller. The army participated in various agricultural works, for example: sowing,
ploughing and harvest, also gave the help military settlers. In the first postwar
years the soldiers of the Polish Army also took part in actions connected with
collecting of obligatory deliveries, what met with reluctance among the country
population. In this operations participated the soldiers of all military districts, but
this time – the most difficult task rested on military districts situated in the eastern and southern Poland, where was the strongest support for the Polish independence underground.
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZPraca kulturalno-oświatowa w jednostkach Powszechnej Organizacji „Służba Polsce” (1948–1956) – założenia i realizacja
http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35506
Praca kulturalno-oświatowa w jednostkach Powszechnej Organizacji „Służba Polsce” (1948–1956) – założenia i realizacja
Lesiakowski, Krzysztof
One of the statutory assignment of Common Organization “Sluzba Polsce”
(1948–1955) was to force masses of youth, especially those from countryside, to
go on a large building projects of the 6-year plan. Simultaneously, units of this
organization (detachments and brigades) were bringing about a “new type” of
human being. Important tasks related to this problem, relied on properly directed
educational and cultural activities. It was attempted to achieve throughout popularization of reading books and papers, growth of artistic and educational work in
special common room groups, listening radio broadcasts, displaying films and
organizing excursions etc. Unfortunately, in practice, the possibility of youth
cultural and mental development through Common Organization “Sluzba
Polsce”, excluding struggle with illiteracy, was wasted. Papers and books full of
Stalinism propaganda didn’t draw youth’s attention. Unprepared personnel was
unable to improve artistic activity in common rooms. Moreover, primacy of
production tasks effected that units of Common Organization “Sluzba Polsce”
didn’t have enough time to organize excursions or more interesting for young
people movie-shows.
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZZarys „problematyki chłopskiej” w Rumunii przed 1914 rokiem
http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35505
Zarys „problematyki chłopskiej” w Rumunii przed 1914 rokiem
Dubicki, Andrzej
The so-called „peasant cause” was characteristic for Kingdom of Romania
in the late 19th and early 20th century. It was based upon the late development of
serfdom in Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, which became
popular only about 1820 in connection with new trade possibilities, allowing the
direct export of grain and other agricultural goods to the Western Europe. Earlier
it was possible only with Ottoman agency which was naturally unprofitable.
“Peasant cause” became extremely actual after the Union of both principalities in
1861, and since this time has been often connected with question of “popular
vote”. The first, but limited agricultural reform took place in 1864, and again was
extended in 1889 as an answer for peasant uprising. Finally both questions: agricultural and voting were concluded after the Great War in 1919 (introduction of
popular vote), and 1921 (final agricultural reform in Romania).
2011-01-01T00:00:00Z